Ways of saying “because” ---- ECC Mall

Ways of saying “because”
تستخدم الكلمات و التعبيرات الآتية لتبين سبب حدوث الشيء .
فاعل + فعل + because , as , since لان
Because of , due to , owing to , for
+ الاسم / v. ing
On account of, thanks to, through
1- they won the match because they played well. (owing to)
2- he was late so he took a taxi. (as)
3- I got wet because it was raining. (owing to)
4- we were late as the traffic was heavy. (due to)
5- he couldn’t come due to his illness. (since)
6- since you refuse to co-operate, I shall be forced to take legal advice. (due to)
7- I turned the heating on ( due to – as – so – be - ) cause the cold weather .
8- He didn’t go to work ( despite – so that – on account of – because ) he was ill
9- They were dismissed (because–as–on account of– since) their bad manners .
تستخدم الروابط الآتية لتبين الغرض من فعل الشيء
So that, in order that + فاعل can / could + may / might + المصدر
مصدر so as to , in order to + inf لكي
1- They went with a guide so that / in order that they could not lose their way. (so as not to)
2- He is working late . he wants to have time to be a way tomorrow. (so that)
3- I work hard because I want to succeed. (so that)
4- He traveled to England so that he could complete his education. (in order to)
5- My sister studies is hard . she wants to be top of her class. (so as to)
- Sherook goes to a computer center . she wants to learn programming. (in order that)
تستخدم so و عبارات أخري لتبين أن الحدث أدي إلي حدث آخر
so , therefore , that’s why , consequently
- he didn’t have enough money , so / therefore he didn’t buy the computer.
1- she wants to be a doctor . she will enter the faculty of medicine.
تستخدم الروابط الآتية للتعبير عن التناقض :
But, although, though, even though, even if, however, despite, in spite of
Although, even though + فعل + فاعل
How ever + ظرف أو صفة + فاعل + فعل
فاعل + فعل + as صفة / ظرف
لاحظ : تستخدم as بمعني علي الرغم من إذا جاء قبلها صفة
Despite, in spite of, regardless of, with all, for all + اسم v. + ing
1- Bravely as they fought, they had no chance of winning. (although )
2- my friend Samira got the job although she had no qualifications. (in spite of)
3- although he spoke slowly, we couldn’t understand him. (however) (in spite of)
4- he is not very good at speaking English but he can write well. (however)
5- Although he is poor , he is happy. (as / however / despite)
هذه الأمثلة وردت في امتحان الدور الأول و الثاني لعام 2002
Choose:
* The old man is not happy ……… his big fortune .
a) although b) but c)however d) despite
Rewrite:
* she has a very sweet voice , but she does not want to be a singer. (in spite of…)
Unit 4

deal with يناول ـ يتعامل مع go blind يصبح أعمي
except for ماعدا ـ باستثناء make mistakes يرتكب خطأ
outer part of الجزء الخارجي laugh at يضحك علي - يسخر من
be about to (end) علي وشك الانتهاء give out تطلق ( ثاني اكسيد الكربون )
drive away يشتت ـ يبعد associate with يربط بـــ
run out of (food) يستنفذ ـ يستهلك ( طعام ) trade with يتاجر مع ( شخص أو دولة )
owe ( his life ) to يدين ( بحياته ) ل trade in يتاجر في ( شيء )

lunar eclipse خسوف قمري marvels عجائب
put off يؤجل neighbor جار
solar eclipse كسوف شمسي universe الكون
forthcoming وشيك - آت قريبا be about to علي وشك
precaution حذر – وقاية radiation اشعاع
delay تأجيل أو تأخير attack يهاجم
disappear يختفي ray شعاع
enemies أعداء astronomer عالم الفلك
completely تماما protective وافي
strengthen يقوي predict يتنبأ
total كلي glasses نظارة
battle معركة superstitious خرافي
partial جزئي accurately بدقة
owe يدين author مؤلف
occur يحدث frequently تكرار – كثير
crew طاقم ( السفينة ) uncommon غير شائع
deal يتعامل – يتناول trick يخدع
sail يبحر permanently باستمرار – بصورة دائمة
shadow ظل ultraviolet فوق بنفسجي
port ميناء absolutely بالتأكيد
pass يمــر soaked up منغمس في –متأقلم مع
unfortunately لسوء الحظ worship يعبد
light red أحمر فاتح warning تحذير
trade يتاجر giant ضخم – عملاق
gentle لطيف sunglasses نظلرة شمس
native السكان الوطنيين centigrade درجة مئوية
frightening مخيف improve يحسن
take away يبعد style اسلوب
daytime النهار equipment معدات –أجهزة
laugh at يضحك علي - يسخر من measure يقيس
darkness الظلام slug حيوان بطي له جسم ناعم ـ مثل القوقعة و لكن بدون محار
superstition خرافة creature مخلوق
except for ماعدا ـ باستثناء snail قوقع
pregnant حبلي ( حامل ) diamond ماس
outer part الجزء الخارجي associate يربط بــ
fast يصوم particulay بخاصة
atmosphere غلاف cheerful فرح
pray يصلي seasonal موسمي
bright points نقاط لامعة ( مضيئة ) desposition مزاح
drive away يبعد disorder اضطرابات – فوضي
flash يومض absence غياب
evil شرير – مؤذ appropriate ملائم
mysterious غامض consequence نتيجة
avoid يتجنب severely بشكل خطير جدا
force قوة in contrast في النقيض
poisoning التسمم depressed مكتئب
fight يقاتل – يحارب physical جسماني
16- He apologized for ( doing – making – getting – taking ) that mistake.
17- If you look at a solar eclipse you could ( fall – go – get – move) blind.
18- I don’t know how to deal ( at – on – with – for ) this problem.
19- some people believe that playing music drives evil forces (on–of– at– away)
20- the sun gives ( out – in – away – with ) heat and light .



Choose:
1- My grandmother thinks that 13 is an unlucky number . this is a …………
a) fancy b) fiction c) fact d) superstition
2- Astronomers can …………. When eclipses occur .
a) prevent b) protect c) predict d) protest
3- Space cruisers will probably ……… the earth at a height of 320 kilometers .
a) wander b) orbit c) move d) fly
4- The eclipse of the sun called a …….. eclipse .
a) polar b) lunar c) solar d) regular
if only = I wish = أتمني لو
1- يأتي بعدهما ماضي بسيط للتعبير عن أمنية / الأسف لموقف في الوقت الحاضر .
2- يأتي بعدهما ماضي تام للتعبير عن أمنية في الماضي / الأسف لموقف في الماضي .
3- يأتي بعدها could مع would , I / we مع باقي الضمائر للتعبير عن أمنية في المستقبل .
1- the weather isn’t fine today ( I wish )
2- I really shouldn’t have parked my car here ( wish )
3- I’m looking forward to visiting the international book fair ( if only )
4- if only I had let him know the troth earlier ( wish )
conditional sentences
مضارع بسيط مضارع بسيط
المصدر + will مضارع بسيط (1)
المصدر + would ماضي بسيط (2 ) if
would have + PP. ماضي تام (3 )

الحالة الشرطية الثانية
المصدر + would ماضي بسيط + if
تستخدم هذه الحالة للتعبير عن مواقف غير محتملة الحدوث أو مواقف خيالية أو غير حقيقية في الحاضر :
1- يحول المضارع إلي ماضي بسيط
2- يحول النفي إلي الإثبات و العكس .
3- إذا احتوت الجملة علي because / as نبدأ بالجملة الثانية .
1- it isn’t fine today . I can’t go for a swim ( if )
2- we can’t go for a picnic because we don’t have enough time (if ) 3 he is weak , therefore he can’t lift the heavy box ( if )
الحالة الشرطية الثالثة :
1- يحول الماضي البسيط إلي الماضي التام .
If + ماضي تام would have + P.P
* تستخدم هذه الحالة للتعبير عن مواقف خيالية أو مستحيلة الحدوث في الماضي
4- he didn’t try to leave the country , so he wasn’t arrested . ( if )
5- he didn’t go to the country because he was busy . ( if )
ملاحظات هامة
1- يمكن استخدام should محل if في الحالتين الأولي و الثانية . ( should + s. + inf )
6- if he fails his exam , he will be punished . ( should )
7- if he ran fast , he’d win the race .
2- و يمكن استخدام were محل if في الحالة الثانية .
( were + s. + ….. ) – ( were + s. + to + inf )
8- if were a fish , I’d swim . ( were )
9- if he went to bed early , he wouldn’t feel sleepy in the morning ( were )
3- و يمكن استخدام had محل if في الحالة الثالثة أو في الحالة الثانية إذا كانت فعل أساسي .
10- if he had time , we would go to the the cinema . ( had )
if you had put up your hand , the bus would have stopped ( had )
و يمكن استخدام in case of محل if في الاثبات و لكن يأتي بعدها الإسم أو الفعل + ing
12- if he were clever , he would solve this problem ( in case of )
5- و يمكن استخدام without محل if في النفي أو محل unless و يأتي بعدها الاسم أم الفعل + ing
Without ( but for ) + فعل أو اسم ing
13- if he hadn’t behaved foolishly , we would have helped him .( without )
without + اسم would + المصدر
if it weren’t for + اسم would + المصدر
14- without his foolish behavior , we’d help him ( if it )
15- without his foolish behavior , we’d have helped him ( if it )
unless = if + not = except if
6- تستخدم unless محل if في النفي ، و لها نفس حالات . if
16- if you don’t take his advice , you won’t do the work well . ( unless )
17 – if he didn’t get up early , he’d miss the train ( unless )
18 – he can’t see unless he wears glasses . ( except if )
7- ويمكن استخدام as long as أو that provided أو providing محل if ولهم نفس المعني .
19- she’ll be early unless there is a traffic Jam ( provided that )
as long as , provided / providing ( that ) =only if
20- provide that we invist money in education our country will develop ( unless)
A) choose the correct answer from a,b,c or d :
1- what ………. If you lose your passport in a foreign country ?
a- will you do b- would you have done
c- would you d- have you done
2- if you stand on the table , it ………….
a- will you stant collapse b) would collapse
c- would have co;;apsed d- has collapsed
3- I ………. The car if it were cheap .
a- will be b- can buy c- would buy c- would have
4- if he ……… a plumber , he’d mend the burst pipe .
a- had been b- is c- has been d- were
5- if I ………… read the newspapers , I wouldn’t know what is happening in the world .
a- don’t b- hadn’t c- didn’t d- won’t
6- …………. Very happy if you achieved your goal ?
a- you would be b- would you have been
c- you will be d- would you be
هذه الأمثلة وردت في امتحان الدور الأول و الثاني لعام 2002
Choose :
* I wouldn’t have reached thie stage unless she ………. Me
a- helped b- had helped c- you will be d- would help
* what ………… if he had left the meeting ?
a- will happen b- would happen
c- had happened d- would have happened







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